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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 2. Языкознание</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1998-9911</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2409-1979</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15688/jvolsu2.2024.1.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Структура и языковая репрезентация sanctio в древнеанглийских и древнерусских грамотах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Structure and Linguistic Representation of Sanctio in Old English and Old Russian Charters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоногова</surname><given-names>Татьяна  Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belonogova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1466-0945</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russia)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный университет (Тюмень, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье описаны универсальные и специфические структурные и языковые черты sanctio (запретительной формулы / формулы заклятья) – значимого элемента древнеанглийских (англосаксонских) и древнерусских грамот. Запрет на нарушение договора или изменение его условий и наказание, ожидающее того, кто нарушит договор, являются универсальными и обязательными компонентами внутренней формы sanctio англосаксонских и древнерусских грамот; мотив нарушения договора, будучи универсальным компонентом, представлен факультативно. Показано, что в грамотах нарушение договора отождествляется с совершением греха и преследуется религиозными санкциями. В англосаксонских грамотах на латинском языке обнаружено смешение Христианских образов и образов античной мифологии, возникающее в результате заимствования из латинских документов готовых формул и усиливающегося влияния Христианской церкви, в древнерусских грамотах наряду с духовным наказанием – упоминание мирского наказания (телесного или денежного). Определено, что синтаксически sanctio – условные конструкции, характеризующиеся прескриптивной модальностью, которая реализуется глагольными формами и категориями, и в древнерусских грамотах отражающие разговорные элементы. Выявлено, что использование негативно окрашенной лексики (преимущественно в англосаксонских грамотах) усиливало эмоциональное воздействие на участников юридического акта. Апеллируя к чувству страха как средству поддержания законопорядка, составители грамот грозили Божьей карой и призывали в небесные судьи Господа, Пресвятую Богородицу (в древнерусских грамотах), различных святых. Установлено, что языковая специфика санкций обусловлена их функциональным синкретизмом, смешением сфер правовой, бытовой, религиозной коммуникации.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article identifies universal and specific structural and linguistic peculiarities of the sanctio (prohibitive formula / curse), an element of the main part of the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) and Old Russian charters. The analysis has shown that the prohibition of violating a contract or changing its terms and the punishment awaiting those who violate the contract are universal and integral components of the internal form of the sanctio of Anglo-Saxon and Old Russian charters. The motive for breach of a contract also belongs to the universal components of the sanctio but is optional and not presented in all documents. In both Anglo-Saxon and Old Russian charters, violation of the contract was identified with the commission of a sin and was prosecuted by religious sanctions. The distinctive feature of the Anglo-Saxon charters in Latin was the usage of Christian images alongside the images of ancient mythology resulting from the borrowing of ready-made formulas from Latin documents and the increasing influence of the Christian Church. Old Russian charters, apart from spiritual punishment, contained mentioning the secular punishment, either monetary or corporal. Syntactically, the sanctio were conditional constructions, characterized by prescriptive modality and reflecting some elements of colloquial speech (in Old Russian charters). The use of negatively coloured vocabulary (mainly in Anglo-Saxon charters) had to increase the emotional impact on the participants of the legal act. Appealing to the feeling of fear, which served as a means of maintaining law and order, the compilers of the charters threatened the potential transgressor with God's punishment. They called on the Lord, the Most Holy Theotokos (in Old Russian charters) and various saints to be heavenly judges. The linguistic peculiarities of sanctions are presented in their functional syncretism, blending of the spheres of legal, everyday, and religious communication.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>sanctio</kwd><kwd>санкция</kwd><kwd>запретительная формула</kwd><kwd>древнеанглийская грамота</kwd><kwd>древнерусская грамота</kwd><kwd>функциональный синкретизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctio</kwd><kwd>sanction</kwd><kwd>prohibitive formula</kwd><kwd>Anglo-Saxon charter</kwd><kwd>Old Russian charter</kwd><kwd>functional syncretism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Алексеев Ю. Г., 1974. Частный земельный акт средневековой Руси (от Русской Правды до Псковской Судной грамоты) // Вспомогательные исторические дисциплины. Т. 6. Л.: Наука. 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