Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 2. Языкознание1998-99112409-197910.15688/jvolsu2.2024.6.11Псевдославянские реалии в жанре псевдоэтнического фэнтези в переводе на русский языкThe Pseudo-Slavic Realia in Pseudo-Ethnic Fantasy: The Issues of Translation into the Russian LanguageРабкинаНадежда ВладимировнаРабкинаНадежда ВладимировнаRabkinaNadezhdanrabkina@mail.ru0000-0002-6623-6679Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russian Federation)Кемеровский государственный университет (Кемерово, Российская Федерация)311220242361581662003202408072024CC BY 4.0

Традиционный жанр фэнтези, уходящий корнями в европейский фольклор, постепенно меняется. Этот процесс выражается в поиске авторами произведений новых мифологических основ и экзотических форм выражения. В попытке завоевать зарубежные рынки некоторые из них обращаются к славянской мифологии и лексике славянского происхождения. Показано, что результатом такого поиска становится конструирование панславянской фэнтезийной вселенной, не связанной с какой-либо конкретной культурой. Применительно к таким произведениям предложено использовать термин «псевдоэтника», обозначающий экзотическую атмосферу, созданную посредством реалий, соотносящихся с весьма широким лингвокультурным кластером. Объектом исследования в статье избрана лексика, передающая псевдославянские реалии в романе американской писательницы Ли Бардуго «Тень и кость» и его экранизации, предметом – способы их передачи на русский язык. В произведении употребляются антропонимы, топонимы и слова, называющие предметы быта и волшебных существ, позволяющие читателю ассоциировать текст со славянской культурой. Установлено, что за создание псевдоэтнической атмосферы отвечают латинизированные заимствования из русского языка, а также авторские неологизмы, в составе которых присутствуют отдельные морфологические и фонетические черты, ассоциирующиеся у англоязычного читателя с русским языком. Основные приемы перевода слов, отвечающих в тексте оригинала за создание псевдоэтнической атмосферы, можно определить как детранслитерацию и детранскрипцию в тех случаях, когда речь идет о латинизированных русских словах. В русском переводе произведение частично утрачивает свою экзотичность. Кроме того, переводчикам приходится учитывать явные для русскоязычного читателя ошибки, связанные с принадлежностью к той или иной части речи или категорией рода.

To date, the traditional fantasy genre that has its roots in European folklore is transforming as authors seek new, fresh mythological foundations and exotic forms of narration. In an attempt to conquer foreign markets, some of them deploy Slavic mythology and embed words of Slavic origin to create their magical worlds. However, the resulting product is often a Pan-Slavic fantasy universe that refers to no specific culture. In this research, 'pseudo-ethnics' denotes an exotic atmosphere created by words associated with a broad linguacultural cluster. The object of the study was the vocabulary used to denote pseudo-Slavic realities in the novel Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo and its film adaptation, as well as the translation techniques employed by the Russian translators. Leigh Bardugo used pseudo-Russian anthroponyms, toponyms and words that denote everyday objects and magical creatures. They represent Latinized Russian borrowings and seemingly authentic neologisms that deploy some morphological and phonetic language features an English-speaking reader might associate with the Slavic culture. However, when translated for an audience with a Slavic ethnic background, the pseudo-ethnic fantasy book or film loses its exotic flavor. The translation techniques for Latinized Russian words conveying the pseudo-ethnic atmosphere are de-transliteration and de-transcription. As part of the translation, translators had to adhere to the grammar rules of the Russian language and eliminate grammatical errors in parts of speech or gender.

фэнтезипсевдоэтникаславянское фэнтезиЛ. Бардугопереводреалияанглийский языкрусский языкfantasypseudo-ethnicsSlavic fantasyLeigh BardugotranslationrealiaEnglishRussianAbasheva M., 2021. Slavyanskie fentezi vchera i segodnya [Slavic Fantasy Yesterday and Today]. Filologicheskie nauki. Nauchnye doklady vysshey shkoly [Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education], no. 2, pp. 39-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.2-21.039Bileta T., 2020a. A Beginners’ Guide to Slavic Fantasy in Translation. Reactor. URL: http://reactormag. com/a-beginners-guide-to-slavic-fantasy-in-translation/Bileta T., 2020b. An Insider’s Guide to Slavic-Inspired Fantasy. Reactor. URL: http://reactormag.com/an-insiders-guide-to-slavic-inspired-fantasy/Borisova V.D., 2023. Konlangi v trilogii Li Bardugo «Ten’ i kost’»: perevodcheskiy aspekt [Conlangs in Leigh Bardugo’s Book “Shadow and Bone”: Translation Aspect]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 9: Issledovaniya molodykh uchenykh [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Young Scientists’ Research], no. 21, pp. 7-11.Dunato J., 2023. What Does Slavic Fantasy Even Mean? Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association. URL: http://www.sfwa.org/2023/05/30/what-does-slavic-fantasy-even-mean/Fialkova L., 2021. Rus, Russia, and Ukraine in Alternative Slavic Fantasy by English-Language Writers. Part 1. Medieval Rus. Studia Mythologica Slavica, vol. 24, pp. 13-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/SMS20212403Fialkova L., 2022. Rus, Russia and Ukraine Between Fairy Tales and History: Alternative Slavic Fantasy by English-Language Writers. Part II: Modern Russia and Ukraine in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Studia Mythologica Slavica, vol. 25, pp. 165-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/SMS20222508Jбgrovб K., Avgustinova T., Stenger I., Fischer A., 2019. Language Models, Surprisal and Fantasy in Slavic Intercomprehension. Computer Speech & Language, vol. 53, pp. 242-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2018.04.005Lavender I., ed., 2017. Front Matter. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. i-iv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.1Kabakchi V.V., 1998. Osnovy angloyazychnoy mezhkulturnoy kommunikatsii [Basics of English-Speaking Intercultural Communication. Textbook]. Saint Petersburg, Herzen University Publ., 231 p.Kaplan T.A., 2021. The Importance of Surrounding Communities in Identity Formation Within Afrofuturistic Context. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araюtэrmalarэ Dergisi, iss. 9, pp. 261-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.984761Mehan U., 2017. India and Indians in SF by Indians and Others. Lavender I., ed. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. 42-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.7Mikinka A.E., 2020. Retelling Mitуw i Legend w Sіowiaсskiej Fantastyce [Retelling Myths and Legends in Slavic Fantasy]. Ruch Literacki, vol. 5 (362), pp. 545-558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/rl.2020.135910Mishchenko K.V., 2023. Osobennosti realizatsii okkazionalizmov v romane L. Bardugo «Shadow and Bone» i ego perevode na russkiy yazyk [Features of the Implementation of Occasionalisms in the Novel by L. Bardugo “Shadow and Bone” and Its Translation into Russian]. Byulleten gumanitarnykh issledovaniy v mezhdistsiplinarnom nauchnom prostranstve [Bulletin of Humanitarian Studies in Interdisciplinary Research Area], no. 1 (3), pp. 224-226.Obertovб Z., 2022. Slavic Mythology Lost in Fantasy: Literary Adaptations of Slavic Beliefs in Andrzej Sapkowski’s and Juraj Иervenбk’s Novels. Narodna Umjetnost, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15176/vol59no206Pashchenko M.V., Davletshina L.G., 2023. Ksenonimy russkoy kultury v tsikle knig Li Bardugo «Grishavers» [Xenonyms of Russian Culture in the Series of Books by Leigh Bardugo “Grishaverse”]. Pedagogicheskiy forum [Pedagogical Forum], no. 2 (12), pp. 57-60.Shin H., 2017. Engineering the Techno-Orient: The Hyperrealization of Post-Racial Politics in Cloud Atlas. Lavender I., ed. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. 131-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.13Sorokovik A.D., 2022. Perevod kvazirealiy v romane Li Bardugo «Six of Crows» [Translation of Quasi-Realia in the novel “Six of Crows” by Leigh Bardugo]. Dictum – Factum: ot issledovaniy k strategicheskim resheniyam [Dictum – Factum: From Research to Policy Making], no. 7-8, pp. 80-84.Stanford C.M., 2022. Future Asians: Orientalism and Posthumanism in Twenty-First Century U.S. Science Fiction. Dr. philol. sci. diss. Los Angeles, University of California. 155 p. URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c6055x5Vasilieva K.A., 2024. Osobennosti khudozhestvennogo perevoda neologizmov v romane zhanra fentezi «Ten i Kost» avtorstva Li Bardugo [Peculiarities of Literary Translation of Neologisms in the Fantasy Novel “Shadow and Bone” by Leigh Bardugo]. Yazyki, kultury, etnosy. Formirovanie yazykovoy kartiny mira: filologicheskiy i metodicheskiy aspekty: materialy XV Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Yoshkar-Ola, 12 oktyab. 2023 g.) [Languages, Cultures, Ethnic Groups. Formation of a Linguistic Picture of the World: Philological and Methodological Aspects. Proceedings of the 15th International Scientific and Practical Conference (Yoshkar-Ola, October 12, 2024)]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., pp. 95-106.Xu G., 2021. Post-Ethnic Humanistic Care in Chinese American Science Fictions. Cross-Cultural Communication, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 28-35. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/12188Ziethen A., 2021. “Space Probe”: Science Fiction Across the Black Atlantic. The Speculative Geographies of Amiri Baraka and Emmanuel Dongala. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 57, iss. 6, pp. 827-840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2021.1949631Bardugo L. Shadow and Bone. New York, Henry Holt and Co., 2012. 381 p.Bardugo L. Ten i Kost [Shadow and Bone]. Moscow, AST Publ. 2021. 384 p.Abasheva M., 2021. Slavyanskie fentezi vchera i segodnya [Slavic Fantasy Yesterday and Today]. Filologicheskie nauki. Nauchnye doklady vysshey shkoly [Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education], no. 2, pp. 39-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.2-21.039Bileta T., 2020a. A Beginners’ Guide to Slavic Fantasy in Translation. Reactor. URL: http://reactormag. com/a-beginners-guide-to-slavic-fantasy-in-translation/Bileta T., 2020b. An Insider’s Guide to Slavic-Inspired Fantasy. Reactor. URL: http://reactormag.com/an-insiders-guide-to-slavic-inspired-fantasy/Borisova V.D., 2023. Konlangi v trilogii Li Bardugo «Ten’ i kost’»: perevodcheskiy aspekt [Conlangs in Leigh Bardugo’s Book “Shadow and Bone”: Translation Aspect]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 9: Issledovaniya molodykh uchenykh [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Young Scientists’ Research], no. 21, pp. 7-11.Dunato J., 2023. What Does Slavic Fantasy Even Mean? Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association. URL: http://www.sfwa.org/2023/05/30/what-does-slavic-fantasy-even-mean/Fialkova L., 2021. Rus, Russia, and Ukraine in Alternative Slavic Fantasy by English-Language Writers. Part 1. Medieval Rus. Studia Mythologica Slavica, vol. 24, pp. 13-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/SMS20212403Fialkova L., 2022. Rus, Russia and Ukraine Between Fairy Tales and History: Alternative Slavic Fantasy by English-Language Writers. Part II: Modern Russia and Ukraine in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Studia Mythologica Slavica, vol. 25, pp. 165-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/SMS20222508Jбgrovб K., Avgustinova T., Stenger I., Fischer A., 2019. Language Models, Surprisal and Fantasy in Slavic Intercomprehension. Computer Speech & Language, vol. 53, pp. 242-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2018.04.005Lavender I., ed., 2017. Front Matter. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. i-iv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.1Kabakchi V.V., 1998. Osnovy angloyazychnoy mezhkulturnoy kommunikatsii [Basics of English-Speaking Intercultural Communication. Textbook]. Saint Petersburg, Herzen University Publ., 231 p.Kaplan T.A., 2021. The Importance of Surrounding Communities in Identity Formation Within Afrofuturistic Context. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araюtэrmalarэ Dergisi, iss. 9, pp. 261-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.984761Mehan U., 2017. India and Indians in SF by Indians and Others. Lavender I., ed. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. 42-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.7Mikinka A.E., 2020. Retelling Mitуw i Legend w Sіowiaсskiej Fantastyce [Retelling Myths and Legends in Slavic Fantasy]. Ruch Literacki, vol. 5 (362), pp. 545-558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/rl.2020.135910Mishchenko K.V., 2023. Osobennosti realizatsii okkazionalizmov v romane L. Bardugo «Shadow and Bone» i ego perevode na russkiy yazyk [Features of the Implementation of Occasionalisms in the Novel by L. Bardugo “Shadow and Bone” and Its Translation into Russian]. Byulleten gumanitarnykh issledovaniy v mezhdistsiplinarnom nauchnom prostranstve [Bulletin of Humanitarian Studies in Interdisciplinary Research Area], no. 1 (3), pp. 224-226.Obertovб Z., 2022. Slavic Mythology Lost in Fantasy: Literary Adaptations of Slavic Beliefs in Andrzej Sapkowski’s and Juraj Иervenбk’s Novels. Narodna Umjetnost, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15176/vol59no206Pashchenko M.V., Davletshina L.G., 2023. Ksenonimy russkoy kultury v tsikle knig Li Bardugo «Grishavers» [Xenonyms of Russian Culture in the Series of Books by Leigh Bardugo “Grishaverse”]. Pedagogicheskiy forum [Pedagogical Forum], no. 2 (12), pp. 57-60.Shin H., 2017. Engineering the Techno-Orient: The Hyperrealization of Post-Racial Politics in Cloud Atlas. Lavender I., ed. Dis-Orienting Planets: Racial Representations of Asia in Science Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, pp. 131-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5jxngg.13Sorokovik A.D., 2022. Perevod kvazirealiy v romane Li Bardugo «Six of Crows» [Translation of Quasi-Realia in the novel “Six of Crows” by Leigh Bardugo]. Dictum – Factum: ot issledovaniy k strategicheskim resheniyam [Dictum – Factum: From Research to Policy Making], no. 7-8, pp. 80-84.Stanford C.M., 2022. Future Asians: Orientalism and Posthumanism in Twenty-First Century U.S. Science Fiction. Dr. philol. sci. diss. Los Angeles, University of California. 155 p. URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5c6055x5Vasilieva K.A., 2024. Osobennosti khudozhestvennogo perevoda neologizmov v romane zhanra fentezi «Ten i Kost» avtorstva Li Bardugo [Peculiarities of Literary Translation of Neologisms in the Fantasy Novel “Shadow and Bone” by Leigh Bardugo]. Yazyki, kultury, etnosy. Formirovanie yazykovoy kartiny mira: filologicheskiy i metodicheskiy aspekty: materialy XV Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Yoshkar-Ola, 12 oktyab. 2023 g.) [Languages, Cultures, Ethnic Groups. Formation of a Linguistic Picture of the World: Philological and Methodological Aspects. Proceedings of the 15th International Scientific and Practical Conference (Yoshkar-Ola, October 12, 2024)]. Yoshkar-Ola, Mari State University Publ., pp. 95-106.Xu G., 2021. Post-Ethnic Humanistic Care in Chinese American Science Fictions. Cross-Cultural Communication, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 28-35. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/12188Ziethen A., 2021. “Space Probe”: Science Fiction Across the Black Atlantic. The Speculative Geographies of Amiri Baraka and Emmanuel Dongala. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 57, iss. 6, pp. 827-840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2021.1949631Bardugo L. Shadow and Bone. New York, Henry Holt and Co., 2012. 381 p.Bardugo L. Ten i Kost [Shadow and Bone]. Moscow, AST Publ. 2021. 384 p.

The author would like to express her gratitude to her former students Polina Shcherbakova and Yana Gorditskaya for sampling and counselling