Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 2. Языкознание1998-99112409-197910.15688/jvolsu2.2025.2.5OtherМетафорическая концептуализация рака в англоязычной литературе жанра «художественный нон-фикшн»Metaphorical Conceptualization of Cancer in English Medical Creative NonfictionНагорнаяАлександра ВикторовнаNagornayaAlexandraanagornaya@hse.ru0000-0002-6821-0835НванквоДжеймс ЧайкNwankwoJames Chikejamescul36@gmail.com0000-0002-0343-2883HSE University (Moscow, Russian Federation)Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (Москва, Российская Федерация)2407202524259720509202413012025https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC BY 4.0https://l.jvolsu.com/index.php/ru/archive-ru/959-science-journal-of-volsu-linguistics-2025-vol-24-no-2/mezhkulturnaya-kommunikatsiya-i-sopostavitelnoe-izuchenie-yazykov/2927-nagornaya-a-v-nvankvo-d-ch-metaforicheskaya-kontseptualizatsiya-raka-v-angloyazychnoj-literature-zhanra-khudozhestvennyj-non-fikshn-na-angl-yaz

В статье рассматривается феномен литературного жанра «медицинский художественный нон-фикшн». Определены факторы, способствующие формированию спроса на такую литературу; охарактеризованы его основные разновидности этого жанра. Обоснована важность выбора языковых средств для представления медицинских фактов, поскольку художественный нон-фикшн стремится не только донести информацию простым и понятным языком, но и создать увлекательный и эстетически привлекательный нарратив. В фокусе исследования находится литература об онкологических заболеваниях. Объектом изучения стала метафора как средство концептуализации рака. Анализ проведен на материале двух бестселлеров, написанных профессиональными медиками: «Император всех болезней : Биография рака» С. Мукерджи и «Раковый код : Революция в понимании медицинской тайны» Дж. Фанга. Методологическим базисом исследования послужила современная версия теории концептуальной метафоры, дополненная теорией дискурсивной метафоры (Й. Зинкен) и теорией метафорической креативности (З. Кёвечеш). В статье выделены основные паттерны метафоризации в каждой из изучаемых книг. Показано, что к наиболее востребованным доменам-источникам относятся ВОЙНА, ЖИВОЕ СУЩЕСТВО, РАСТЕНИЕ и ПРОСТРАНСТВО, в то время как домен-источник ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ, который активно рекомендуется как основа для осмысления рака в современных англоязычных дискурсах, представлен скудно. В статье установлены креативные метафоры и описана их концептуальная структура. В результате сравнительного анализа метафор, функционирующих в двух книгах, продемонстрировано, что работа в рамках одного жанра и привязка к определенной теме, как и наличие четких дискурсивных конвенций, не являются препятствием для индивидуального метафорического творчества.

The paper discusses the phenomenon of medical creative nonfiction, delineating the factors that engender demand for this type of literature, listing its types and identifying its main features. It highlights the importance of language choices in the presentation of medical facts, as creative nonfiction aims to be comprehensible, engaging and aesthetically pleasing. The paper further narrows down the topic to nonfiction about cancer and considers the use of metaphors as a means of conceptualizing this disease. It provides an analysis of metaphors in two bestsellers written by medical professionals: S. Mukherjee's "The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer" and J. Fung's "The Cancer Code: A Revolutionary New Understanding of a Medical Mystery". The methodological foundation for the analysis is the refined version of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, supplemented by the Discourse Metaphor Theory (J. Zinken) and the Metaphoric Creativity Theory (Z. Kövecses). The authors reveal the main patterns of metaphor use in each book. The most common source domains utilized in both books are WAR, LIVING BEING, PLANT and SPACE, while JOURNEY, which is a highly recommended source domain for the conceptualization of cancer in contemporary discourses, is barely noticeable. The authors further identify creative metaphors, analyze their conceptual structure, and compare the use of metaphors in the two books to demonstrate the possibility of conceptual experimentation with the topic despite the pressure of discursive conventions.

медицинский нон-фикшнхудожественный медицинский нон-фикшнраконкодискурсконцептуальная метафораметафорическая креативностьmedical nonfictioncreative medical nonfictioncancercancer discourseconceptual metaphormetaphorical creativityCameron L., 2003. Metaphors in Educational Discourse. London, Bloomsbury Academic. 306 p.Danesi M., 1992. Metaphorical Competence in Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Teaching: The Neglected Dimension. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, Georgetown University Press., pp. 125-136.Evoking Illness in Fiction and Nonfiction, 2016. URL: https://lithub.com/evoking-illness-in-fictionand-nonfiction/Fung J., 2020. The Cancer Code: A Revolutionary New Understanding of a Medical Mystery. New York, Harper. 368 p.Gerard Ph., 2004. Creative Nonfiction. Researching and Crafting Stories of Real Life. Long Grove, Waveland Press Inc. 224 p.Gutkind L., 1997. The Art of Creative Nonfiction: Writing and Selling the Literature of Reality. Shady Grove, Trade Paper Press. 224 p.Gutkind L., 2024. The Fine Art of Literary Fist-Fighting: How a Bunch of Rabble-Rousers, Outsiders, and Ne’er-do-wells Concocted Creative Nonfiction. New Haven, Yale University Press. 304 p.Heracleos L., Jacobs C.D., 2011. Crafting Strategy: Embodied Metaphors in Practice. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 260 p.Hidalgo-Downing L., Kraljevic Mujic B., eds., 2020. Performing Metaphoric Creativity Across Models and Contexts. Amsterdam, John Benjamins. 346 p.Kirmayer L.J., 1992. The Body’s Insistence on Meaning: Metaphor as Presentation and Representation in Illness Experience. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 323-346.Kittay E.F., 1987. Metaphor: Its Cognitive Force and Linguistic Structure. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 372 p.Kцvecses Z., 2015. Where Metaphors Come From: Reconsidering Context in Metaphor. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 234 p.Kцvecses Z., 2020. Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 206 p.Lakoff G., Johnson M., 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 242 p.Mey J., 2001. Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. 416 p.Mukherjee S., 2011. The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. New York, Scribner. 573 p.Nagornaya A.V., Nwankwo J.Ch., 2023. Metaphor as a Means of Representing First-Hand Cancer Experience in English Teen Sick-Lit. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2. Yazykoznanie [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Linguistics], vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 86-100.Navarro i Ferrando I., ed., 2019. Current Approaches To Metaphor Analysis in Discourse. Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter Mouton. 387 p.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2008. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1580 p.Pragglejaz Group. MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse, 2007. Metaphor and Symbol. Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., pp. 1-39.Singer M., Walker N., eds., 2013. Bending Genre: Essays on Creative Nonfiction. London, Bloomsbury. 208 p.Steen G.J., 2015. Developing, Testing and Interpreting Deliberate Metaphor Theory. Journal of Pragmatics. Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 90, pp. 67-72.Wohlmann A., 2022. Metaphor in Illness Writing: Fight and Battle Reused. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. 224 p.Zinken J., Hellsten I., Nerlich B., 2008. Discourse Metaphors. Body, Language and Mind. Vol. 2. Sociocultural Situatedness. Berlin, New York, de Gruyter, pp. 241-262.Cameron L., 2003. Metaphors in Educational Discourse. London, Bloomsbury Academic. 306 p.Danesi M., 1992. Metaphorical Competence in Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Teaching: The Neglected Dimension. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, Georgetown University Press., pp. 125-136.Evoking Illness in Fiction and Nonfiction, 2016. URL: https://lithub.com/evoking-illness-in-fictionand-nonfiction/Fung J., 2020. The Cancer Code: A Revolutionary New Understanding of a Medical Mystery. New York, Harper. 368 p.Gerard Ph., 2004. Creative Nonfiction. Researching and Crafting Stories of Real Life. Long Grove, Waveland Press Inc. 224 p.Gutkind L., 1997. The Art of Creative Nonfiction: Writing and Selling the Literature of Reality. Shady Grove, Trade Paper Press. 224 p.Gutkind L., 2024. The Fine Art of Literary Fist-Fighting: How a Bunch of Rabble-Rousers, Outsiders, and Ne’er-do-wells Concocted Creative Nonfiction. New Haven, Yale University Press. 304 p.Heracleos L., Jacobs C.D., 2011. Crafting Strategy: Embodied Metaphors in Practice. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 260 p.Hidalgo-Downing L., Kraljevic Mujic B., eds., 2020. Performing Metaphoric Creativity Across Models and Contexts. Amsterdam, John Benjamins. 346 p.Kirmayer L.J., 1992. The Body’s Insistence on Meaning: Metaphor as Presentation and Representation in Illness Experience. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 323-346.Kittay E.F., 1987. Metaphor: Its Cognitive Force and Linguistic Structure. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 372 p.Kцvecses Z., 2015. Where Metaphors Come From: Reconsidering Context in Metaphor. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 234 p.Kцvecses Z., 2020. Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 206 p.Lakoff G., Johnson M., 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 242 p.Mey J., 2001. Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. 416 p.Mukherjee S., 2011. The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer. New York, Scribner. 573 p.Nagornaya A.V., Nwankwo J.Ch., 2023. Metaphor as a Means of Representing First-Hand Cancer Experience in English Teen Sick-Lit. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2. Yazykoznanie [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. Linguistics], vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 86-100.Navarro i Ferrando I., ed., 2019. Current Approaches To Metaphor Analysis in Discourse. Berlin, Boston, De Gruyter Mouton. 387 p.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2008. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1580 p.Pragglejaz Group. MIP: A Method for Identifying Metaphorically Used Words in Discourse, 2007. Metaphor and Symbol. Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., pp. 1-39.Singer M., Walker N., eds., 2013. Bending Genre: Essays on Creative Nonfiction. London, Bloomsbury. 208 p.Steen G.J., 2015. Developing, Testing and Interpreting Deliberate Metaphor Theory. Journal of Pragmatics. Amsterdam, Elsevier, vol. 90, pp. 67-72.Wohlmann A., 2022. Metaphor in Illness Writing: Fight and Battle Reused. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. 224 p.Zinken J., Hellsten I., Nerlich B., 2008. Discourse Metaphors. Body, Language and Mind. Vol. 2. Sociocultural Situatedness. Berlin, New York, de Gruyter, pp. 241-262.